By the end of the unit, the student should have achieved the following learning goals (LG):
LG1. Know how to specify, estimate, evaluate and interpret the linear regression model
LG2. Recognize and solve endogeneity problems
LG3. Know and apply panel data models
LG4. Know how to specify, estimate, evaluate and interpret limited dependent variable models
LG5. Know how to use econometric packages in data analysis

C1. Introduction
C2. Linear Regression Analysis with Cross-Sectional Data
C3. Econometric Models with Endogenous Explanatory Variables
C4. Panel Data Linear Models
C5. Models with a Limited Dependent Variable

The students are assessed throughout the semester, with the final grade being based on two components: i) a problem set (weight: 50%); ii) a written (open book) exam (weight: 50%). To get approval, students must fulfill the following criteria: i) weighted mean of at least 9,5/20; ii) minimum grade at both the problem set and the exam of 7,5/20. Students may also be evaluated through a final (open book) exam accounting for 100% of the grade.

This course objectives are:

LG1. To understand the workhorse economic growth model as powerful tools of dynamic economic analysis.
LG2. To recognize and address empirical questions related to economic growth and to the understanding of existent income inequalities across countries.
LG3. To analyze and evaluate the impact of policies intended to promote economic growth.

1. Introduction to economic growth
2. Solow Growth Model
3. Confronting the Solow model with the data
4. First Generation Endogenous Growth Models
5. Second Generation Endogenous Growth Models

Performance evaluation is an ongoing activity as the term progresses and includes the following elements:
- Group assignment accounting for 40% of final grade
- One comprehensive exam accounting for 60% of final grade.
- A positive grade is conditional on a final test grade above 8/20.

1. Students should proof the knowledge and understanding of the econometric methodologies for regression with time series data.
2. Students should proof the knowledge and understanding of the econometric methodologies for VAR models.
3. Students should proof the knowledge and understanding of the econometric methodologies for unit roots and cointegration.
4. Students should proof the ability to make use of sources of statistics and apply and interpret the econometric tools in the analysis with time series data.
5. Students should proof the ability to work in groups and present arguments based on theory, logic and factual data to other people.

1. Regression with time series
1.1 Main properties of time series data
1.2. Linear regression
1.3. Volatility models
1.4. Non-linear models
2. VAR models
2.1 Specification, Estimation and Inference
2.2 Granger Causality and Impulse-Response Functions
2.3 Variance Decomposition
2.4 Forecasting
2.5 Structural VARs
3. Unit Roots and Cointegration
3.1 Stationarity tests
3.2 Single-Equation Cointegration
3.3 Vector Cointegration Models

The evaluation can be done through Continuous Assessment or by Exam.
Evaluation in continuous assessment includes a test (50%) and a team work (50%). To get approval, students must fulfil the following criteria: i) weighted mean of at least 9,5/20; ii) minimum grade at the test of 7/20.
In the assessment by exam there is only a final exam representing 100%.

The main learning goals of this course are centered on the development of competencies to analyze, synthesize and critically evaluate the following items: (i) main stylized facts of short-run business cycles; (ii) dominant schools of thought in explaining macroeconomic phenomena; (iii) the concept of rational expectations; (iv) the classical view centered on the notions of general equilibrium, optimizing behavior, and real cycles; (v) the Keynesian view centered on the notions of imperfect competition, price rigidity, and the relevance of economic policy.

1. Mathematical and Statistical recap
2. The main stylized facts of business cycles
3. Solving Rational Expectations models
4. The Real Business Cycle model
5. Credibility and commitment in monetary policy
6. The optimal choice of policy instruments **
7. The New Keynesian model

** This point will only be covered if time allows it.

Option A:
1. Midterm test (35% on the final grade).
2. A final test covering all materials taught in this course (35% on the final grade).
3. A group essay (30% on the final grade).

Option B:
1. One final exam (100% on the final grade).
2. Covers all materials taught during the entire semester.
3. There will be a re-sitting test for those that fail in option A or/and option B (100% of the final grade).

By the end of the semester the student should have developed and be able to apply the following competences:

A. Knowledge and understanding
- Understand the subject and applications of game theory;
- Be able to follow the relevant literature regarding these subjects.

B. Application of Knowledge
- Model economic problems in the form of a game.
- Choose the appropriate conceptual, analytical and graphical approaches to provide solutions for specific problems in game theory;

C. Learning
- Development of individual study methods, namely problem solving and understanding of models and modelling techniques.

1. Non-cooperative game theory
2. Cooperative game theory
3. Matching
4. Auction theory

Periodic evaluation includes the following elements:
- midterm exam (40%)
- written exam in the end of the term (60%).
To pass the course, the mark of the written exam cannot be below 7.5 pts.
The final evaluation is carried out through a final exam (100%).

Written communication skills:
i) Produce a well structured document
ii) Demonstrate in all the document that the key messsages have been clearly identified
iii) Summarize ideas and conclusions

Critical thinking
i) Select and interpret relevant data and references from academic and non-academic sources
ii) Identify and debate ethical issues

Skills to analyse and summarize
i) Identify and replicate the main points of economic theories and policies in their historical and contemporary dimensions
ii) Understand and debate the controversies about the models, techniques and policies in economics

Solve practical problems in economics
i) Understand that economic theory is extremely complex and requires simplifications to be analysed

1. The historiography of economic ideas: preliminary methodological issues
2. Early economic ideas
3. Mercantilism
4. 'Transitional' economic thought: Physiocracy and other authors
5. Classical Political Economy
6. Critical appraches to Calssical Political Economy and industrial capitalism: Historicism (List) and Socialism (Marx)
7. Marginalism and Neoclassical Economics
8. Schumpeter and inovation
9. Keynes and Keynesianism
10. Neoliberalism
11. Current trends and controversies on economic theory and policy

Final assessment:

Open-book written test/exam: 100%.

At the end of the course, students should:
1. know and understand the basic elements of microeconomic models, namely consumer theory and producer theory
2. know and understand market equilibrium, as an interaction between economic agents, and its properties
3. be able to produce autonomous modeling work
4. be able to provide a critical analysis of model results and their relationship with chosen assumptions.

1. Consumer theory
a. Preferences and utility
b. Choice and individual demand
c. Duality between utility maximization and expense minimization
d. Slutsky equation
e. Uncertainty and risk aversion
2. Producer theory
a. Production sets
b. Profit maximization
c. Cost minimization
3. Partial market equilibrium
a. Competitive market: assumptions and properties
b. Monopoly
c. Welfare analysis
4. General Equilibrium
a. Exchange equilibrium
b. Equilibrium with production
c. The fundamental theorems of Welfare Economics

Assessment throughout the semester is based on a problem set (20%), a model (20%), participation in class (10%) and a final exam (50%). The grade in the final exam cannot be lower than 8. See Observations below.

Students have the option of taking only the final exam for 100% of the grade.

At the end of this course the student will:
LG1. Understand working methodologies
LG2. Be able to develop topics for individual research.
LG3. Be capable of presenting results, orally and in writing.

1. Doing a literature review and identifying the main literature sources
2. Types and stages of empirical work in Economics
3. Research topics in Economics

Each student should acquire analytical, information gathering, writting and oral communication skills, according to the established learning goals. The following teaching-learning methodologies will be used:
1. Expository, for the presentation of reference guidelines.
2. Active, with individual work developed.
3. Self-study, related with the autonomous work of the student.

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Performance evaluation includes the following elements:

- Literature Review - written report (40%);
- Programming in Julia (20%);
- Development of a methodological approach to a chosen research problem - oral presentation (40%).

Failure to deliver one of evaluation moments imply the withdrawal of the course.

In this course there is no second period of assessment.

This course does not have an exam due to its nature.

At the end of this course the student will:
LG1. Know the steps involved in the research process
LG2. Understand working methodologies
LG3. Be able to identify and present topics of individual research.

1. Introduction
2. The stages of research
2.1. Conditions for a successful dissertation at ISCTE-IUL
2.2. What is academic research?
2.3. Research questions
2.4. Starting a literature review
2.5. Citations and references
2.6. Plagiarism in scientific work
2.7. Planning the research stages Intertemporal choice
3. Programming in R
4. Research Topics in Economics

Performance evaluation includes the following elements:
- 1 Referee Report of a paper (30%);
- Answering a questionnaire about programming in R (20%)
- Thesis project - oral presentation, including discussion (50%);

The non-delivery of one of the evaluation moments implies that the students has drop off the course.

In this course there is no second period of assessment.

This course does not have an exam due to its nature.

1. Define a scientific problem and its relevance;
2. Define research goals and possible hypotheses;
3. Produce a literature review supporting the dissertation?s main problem;
4. Apply suitable methodologies of data collection and analysis, if applicable;
5. Provide a critical reflexion sustained on theoretical frameworks and empirical results.

1. Writing the introduction and abstract
2. Definition of a research problem
3. Definition of research goals
4. Literature review
5. Defining hypotheses
6. Data collection methods (if applicable)
7. Data analysis methods (if applicable)
8. Writing conclusions and defining future research paths

- Written delivery of the thesis.
- Oral presentation of a synthesis of the thesis followed by a public defense with a jury.